Dynasty
V does not appear a continuation of the preceding royal lineage,
although an opinion of a link between both dynasties in the form of
queen
Khentkawes, daughter of
Menkaure, is very probable. With no doubt we
have to do with a triumph of Heliopolitan theology. A later story based
on historical events describes circumstances of birth of three first
kings of the Dynasty V. They were supposed to be sons of the god Re from
a village of Sakhebu near Heliopolis by Raweser,
wife of
Redjdjeded, one of priests worshipping the primeval god Re. Under
the Dynasty V the solar cult gained much importance and the rulers,
starting with Sahure, assume the name of
sA-ra - Son of Re. Pyramids, no more as monumental as
under the preceding Dynasty, were built in the close neighborhood of
solar temples. Expeditions to Sinai and Asia, as well as to Libya and
Nubia were sent as previously.
|
(Horus Name) |
Hr ir mAat |
|
(Nebti Name) |
|
nb.ti ir mAat |
(Golden Horus Name) |
|
nfr bik nbw |
Abydos Table (Nomen & Prenomen) |
|
wsr kA.f Weserkaf (His Ka Is Strong) |
He was of non-royal descent. He acquired right to the throne by marrying the daughter of Menkaure, the princess Khentkawes, and additionally by deriving his origin of the god Re and introducing to royal protocol title of sA-ra – Son of Re. It is believed that he was father of kings Sahure and Neferirkare, succeeding him on the throne. Another view, being in concordance with a story of Westcar papyrus is represented by W. Helck and R. Stadelmann. They assume that three first rulers of dynasty V were brothers, sons of queen Khentkawes. Palermo Stone mentions events of years 2-7 of Weserkaf’s rule. Burial place – pyramid at Saqqara. Turin Canon says about 7 years of rule while according to Manethon Userkaf ruled 28 years. Palermo Stone mentions some events at 2-7 years of his rule, among others building of tomb structure at Sakkara, offerings and bestowing of landed estates, building of chapels, foundations. He erected solar temple at Abusir thus developing and strengthening cult of Re |
(Horus Name) |
|
Hr nb xaw |
(Nebti Name) |
|
nb.ti nb xaw |
(Golden Horus Name) |
bik(w) nbw |
|
Abydos Table (Nomen & Prenomen) |
sAHw ra Sahure (He Who Is Close To Re) |
Elder brother of Neferirkare, son of queen Khentkawes I and presumably Weserkaf – the founder of the dynasty. Turin Canon mentions 12 years of reign while Palermo Stone in two-year cycle – a total of 14 years, Manetho in turn gives him 13 years of rule. Expeditions into Sinai and the land of Punt are documented in Palermo Stone, reliefs and texts on stone blocks. It is known a fact of exploitation of diorite quarries near Abu Simbel. Burial place of the ruler became the funerary complex with a 50 m high pyramid at Abusir. Moreover the complex was composed of: finely decorated mortuary temple, cult pyramid, ramp leading to relatively well preserved lower temple. |
(Horus Name) |
Hr wsr xaw |
|
(Nebti Name) |
nb.ti wsr xaw |
|
nb.ti xa m |
||
(Golden Horus Name) |
sxm.w nbw |
|
(Prenomen) |
nfr ir kA ra Neferirkare (Beautiful Is All The Soul Of Re) |
|
Abydos Table (Nomen) |
kAkAi Kakai (Re Has Appeared) |
Brother
of Sahure, son of queen Khentkawes
I and presumably
Weserkaf, the founder of the dynasty. As annals in
Palermo Stone end up
with Neferirkare’s rule it has been suggested that they might have been
compiled under his rule. Burial place of the king was
pyramid at Abusir, designed initially as 6-step pyramid 52 m high,
but later it was extended to the form of typical pyramid and it reached
height of 72 m. Mortuary complex is unfinished, only part of lower
mortuary temple was completed before, as supposed, abandoning the
project.
|
2453
- 2446 |
Shepseskare
|
(Horus Name) |
Hr sxm xaw |
|
(Nomen) | wsr nTr Netjeriwser (The Strong One Of The God) |
|
(Prenomen) |
Spss kA ra |
Both Turin Canon and Manetho give to this king seven years of rule. Artifacts of these times include solely seal prints from Abusir, where also the king must have been buried. Stadelmann ascribed to him a dig-out under pyramid north of Sahure’s one. |
(Horus Name) |
Hr nfr xaw |
|
(Nebti Name) |
nb.ti nfr m |
|
(Golden Horus Name) |
nTr nbw nfr |
|
Abydos Table (Prenomen) |
nfr=f ra |
|
(Nomen) |
isi |
|
(Prenomen) |
nfr xai ra |
Son
of pharaoh Neferirkare by queen Khentkawes
II, brother of Niuserre.
His seven years of rule, as assigned to him by Turin Canon, seems to be
overestimated. He could not have ruled more than 2-3 years. Premature death
of the king made his successor complete hastily building works on
pyramid at Abusir which finally acquired a form of mastaba. Also all
other buildings of Neferefre’s mortuary complex were erected under
Niuserre’s rule. While exploring ruins of the mortuary complex Czech
archeological mission discovered among others papyri of temple accounts,
statues of the king, decorated plates and many seal prints. |
(Horus Name) |
Hr s.t-ib tA.wi |
|
(Nebti Name) |
s.t-ib nb.ti |
|
(Golden Horus Name) |
sbik nbw nTr(i) |
|
Abydos Table (Prenomen) |
n(i) wsr ra |
|
(Nomen) |
iny Ini |
|
ini Ini |
||
in In |
Son
of pharaoh Neferirkare by queen Khentkawes
II, brother of Neferefre.
Turin Canon gives 25 years of rule to him. Burial place –
pyramid at Abusir located between those of Sahure and Neferirkare. Its
initial height was ca. 50 m, length of the side at base 79 m and angle of
the slope 52o. In the neighborhood was buried also wife of the
ruler, queen Reput-Nebu. At Abu Gurab he
built magnificent temple of solar cult,
called
Joy of Re. The temple had been crowned with characteristic, 36 m high
obelisk placed on 20 m base. War campaigns to Libya and Asia are mentioned
in documents of that period however no other evidence of war activities of
this ruler are known to us. |
2418
- 2410 |
Menkauhor
|
(Horus Name) |
|
Hr mn xa.w |
(Golden Horus Name) |
bik nbw HD |
|
Abydos Table (Prenomen) |
|
mn kA.w Hr |
(Nomen) |
|
ikA.w Hr Ikauhor |
kAiw |
||
Saqqara Table (Prenomen) |
mn kA.w
Hr Menkauhor (Eternal Like The Souls Of Horus) |
|
Turin Canon (Prenomen) |
Turin Canon assigns to him 8 years of rule. Burial place of the ruler has not been localized to date. Possibly it was either pyramid at Dahshur, located north-east of the Red Pyramid of Snofru or so called “headless” pyramid in northern Saqqara. King Mankauhor with certainty was worshipped during the New Kingdom. |
(Horus Name) |
Hr Dd xa.w |
|
(Nebti Name) |
nb.ti Dd xa.w |
|
(Golden Horus Name) |
Dd bik nbw |
|
Abydos Table (Prenomen) |
Dd kA ra |
|
(Nomen) | issi Isesi |
|
Saqqara Table (Prenomen) |
mAa.t kA ra Maatkare |
|
(Nomen) |
issi Isesi |
|
Turin Canon (Prenomen) |
Dd Djed |
The king’s name is found in biographic inscription of a tomb of Senedjemib, the overseer of building works who was responsible for erecting the ruler’s funerary complex. He is also mentioned in introduction to the Precepts of Ptahhotep dedicated to the king, as well as in the Royal List of Karnak. Turin Canon gives 28 years of rule, Manetho – 44. Information coming from population registers (performed every 2 years) comprise 21 register (papyrus of Abusir) and, based on recently discovered inscription in mastaba of Idu at Abusir, 14 register of population. Burial place – pyramid at Saqqara. Traces of his rule were found at Wadi Maghara in Sinai and Nubia (Wadi Halfa, Toshka, Buhen). Son of the ruler and his heir to the throne was prince Remkwi, who died prematurely before Unas ascended the throne; his daughters were: Khemerernebti and Hedjetnebu. |
(Horus Name) |
Hr wAD tA.wi |
|
(Nebti Name) |
wAD m nb.ti |
|
(Golden Horus Name) |
wAD bik nbw |
|
(Nomen) |
sA ra wnis |
|
Abydos Table Saqqara Table Papirus z Turynu (Prenomen i Nomen) |
wnis Unas |
He ruled 30 years according to Turin Canon , or 33 according to Manetho. He had two wives, queen Nebet, the mother of prince Wenisankh, and queen Khenut, presumably the mother of princess Iput who later was married to pharaoh Teti, the first ruler of dynasty VI. Trade contacts with Asiatic cities became at those times a tradition, also facts of war expeditions against Bedouins Shasu are known. Burial place of the ruler – pyramid in west-south Saqqara. Unis’ ancestors are not known. He might have to do something with king Djedkare, however this hypothesis is not built on strong base. It is known that Unis’ wives originated from royal families. J. Ph. Lauer places Unis at the beginning of the next, VIth dynasty and thus ranking him as its founder |
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