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In
Egyptian history the Ptolemaic period is one of the best known.
Ptolemais
Dynasty (Lagids) founded by
general of
Alexander the Great, Ptolemy, son of Lagos, ends up in 30 BC with death of
Cleopatra VII and Roman invasion by Octavian August. Ptolemaic Egypt was one of
the greatest superpowers of Hellenistic East. That times are the crowning glory
of pharaonic art and architecture. Ptolemys erected many magnificent temples,
preserved until now: in Edfu, Esna, Kom Ombo, Dendera, on File and Elephantine
to mention only the most beautiful and greatest of them. Power of Egyptian
Empire and its influence on other countries in eastern part of Mediterranean
basin could compare with the most excellent for the land on Nile times of
dynasties XVIII, XIX and XXII. |
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S
H
S
D
E
Husband
of Cleopatra I – a daughter of 
D
Two
dignitaries, Lenaeus and Eulaeus, took the regency after sudden death of
Cleopatra I. Her son, 11 years old Ptolemy, married his own sister –
Cleopatra II. In October of 170 the control of Egypt had been split
among Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II. In 169 BC he made
disgraceful for Egypt settlement with Antiochus IV. For that reason he
was finally dethroned by Alexandrians. The king’s protector, 
D
Son
of Cleopatra I and Ptolemy Epiphanes, brother of Ptolemy Philometor and
Cleopatra II. In 170-163 BC he ruled Egypt jointly with his brother and
sister. In 163 BC under a settlement made with his brother he became a
king of Cyrene. Supported by Rome he put efforts to take a rule over
Cyprus. Upon his brother’s death he married his own sister Cleopatra II
and ascended a throne. His new wife bore him a son – Ptolemy, from the
place of birth named 
D
The
eldest son of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes. Husband and brother
of Cleopatra IV. His father left him a kingship of Cyprus. However, after
death of Cleopatra II he ruled Egypt alongside his mother. In 107 BC exiled
by his mother and Alexandrians he found refuge on Cyprus while rule in Egypt
fell to his brother Ptolemy X Alexander and Cleopatra III. Involuntarily he
replaced his brother on a throne of Cyprus. A result thereof was a ruthless
struggle between Lathyros and Alexander. Banished by Alexandrians in 107,
after death of Ptolemy X Alexander returned and took a throne again in 89 BC
and in 88 with his daughter Berenice III. He died
Son
of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy Euergetes II, brother of Ptolemy IX and Cleopa
Ruler
elected by Alexandrians despite lack of any ancestral rights to the throne
other but his later marriage with Cleopatra V Tryphaine. He sought Roman
favours whose claim to rule Egypt was more and more evident. In year 59 BC
he obtained a title of a “friend of Romans” in return for financial support
of Caesar. Contributed to annexation of Cyprus by Rome and to his brother’s
death, 
D
B